Clinical Research Directory

inclusion criteria: * A medical history that contraindicates oral surgical treatment such as (uncontrolled/untreated diabetes mellitus, immuno-compromised status, radio or chemotherapy of the oral and maxillofacial region, treatment with oral and/or intravenous bisphosphonates). * Presence of active or untreated periodontal disease. * Vertical root fractures involving the buccal aspect. * Tooth /teeth with horizontal fractures below bone level. * Tooth /teeth with external or internal resorption. * Patients with destructive oral habits such as smoking, chewing tobacco, bruxism,etcetera(Chrcanovic et al., 2014). exclusion criteria: A medical history that contraindicates oral surgical treatment such as (uncontrolled/untreated diabetes mellitus, immuno-compromised status, radio or chemotherapy of the oral and maxillofacial region, treatment with oral and/or intravenous bisphosphonates). * Presence of active or untreated periodontal disease. * Vertical root fractures involving the buccal aspect. * Tooth /teeth with horizontal fractures below bone level. * Tooth /teeth with external or internal resorption. * Patients with destructive oral habits such as smoking, chewing tobacco, bruxism, etcetera(Chrcanovic et al., 2014).