Clinical Research Directory

The intervention session will last approximately 40 minutes, comprising: (1) 3-5 minutes of attentional priming; (2) approximately 30 minutes of rhythm-action training; and (3) approximately 5 minutes for rest, feedback and session recording. Participants will complete five sessions per week for four consecutive weeks (20 sessions), consistent with recommendations for intensive, repetitive stroke rehabilitation and previous music-based intervention protocols.⁴¹-⁴³ During rhythm-action training, participants will strike corresponding desk bells in response to visual notation and auditory cues at 60 or 90 beats per minute. Responses will be classified as correct when the appropriate bell is struck within the designated beat interval; errors include incorrect, omitted, additional or mistimed strikes. Task difficulty will be reviewed weekly and adjusted by varying tempo, rhythmic complexity, number of tones or cueing. Participants will progress after achieving ≥80% accuracy across two cons

Participants in both groups will continue usual multidisciplinary stroke rehabilitation at the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, UMMC. The intervention group will receive the home-based music rehabilitation programme in addition to usual care, while the control group will receive usual care alone. Outpatient rehabilitation is typically provided twice weekly for approximately 45 minutes per session, with frequency and content individualised according to clinical needs. Cognitive rehabilitation may include attention and memory training, executive function exercises, communication and language therapy, and functional cognitive activities integrated into daily living. Therapy type, frequency and duration will be documented throughout the study.