Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Pulp-treated primary molars (pulpotomy) * Asymptomatic teeth after pulp therapy with no signs of infection, mobility, or radiographic pathology, such as internal resorption or periapical lesions * Age 6 years to 9 years * Male or female * Cooperative child with positive Frankl behavior rating * No missing teeth * Normal occlusion, including normal overjet and overbite * Free from systemic disease to allow continuity of follow-up Exclusion Criteria: * Medically compromised or uncooperative children * Tooth indicated for extraction because of root resorption, teeth near exfoliation, or deep subgingival caries that prevents proper coronal seal * Teeth with more than two-thirds root resorption * Previous pulp therapy * Parafunctional habits, including bruxism, thumb-sucking, or other habits that may affect occlusal force measurements * Inability to attend follow-up visits or parental refusal to participate