Clinical Research Directory

The demographic profile of each patient was documented, including age and sex, to examine potential associations with survival and neurological outcomes.

Data on pre-existing chronic conditions were recorded, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and malignancy, in order to assess their potential impact on prognosis following OHCA.

Several prehospital factors were evaluated, including whether the cardiac arrest was witnessed, whether bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed, the time from collapse to the initiation of CPR, and the time from collapse to EMS arrival. Additionally, the durations of no-flow (i.e., time without any CPR) and low-flow (i.e., time with CPR but without ROSC) were noted. The initial cardiac rhythm was categorized as ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VF/pVT), asystole, or pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Airway management methods used in the field were documented and classified as bag-valve-mask (BVM), supraglottic airway devices (SGAs), or endotracheal intubation (ETI). Other recorded interventions included prehospital defibrillation, administration of epinephrine (including total dosage), and use of mechanical chest compression devices. Whether ROSC was achieved prior to arrival at the emergency department was also noted.

Arterial blood gas parameters, including pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), were also documented.

Survival status 28 days after advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) initiated following OHCA.

Neurological status assessed at day 28 using the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale. Favorable neurological outcome was defined as CPC 1-2, and unfavorable neurological outcome was defined as CPC 3-5.