Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: TMD Group: * Diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) confirmed by a dentist * Pain intensity ≥ 3.5 cm on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) * Presence of TMD-related pain for at least 3 months * Aged between 18 and 50 years * Willingness to participate in the study Control Group: * No history or clinical signs of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) * Aged between 18 and 50 years * Willingness to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: TMD Group: * Presence of any condition other than TMD that may affect the assessment outcomes * Presence of musculoskeletal pain in any other body region * Any orthopedic or neurological condition that may interfere with assessments * Diagnosed psychiatric disorder * Conditions impairing communication or ability to complete assessments * Illiteracy * History of orthopedic surgery in any body region * Presence of systemic pathological conditions such as fractures, rheumatoid arthritis, or suspected malingering * Receipt of physiotherapy or other treatment targeting the temporomandibular joint or spinal region within the last 6 months Control Group: * History of chronic musculoskeletal disorders within the past year * Any orthopedic or neurological condition that may interfere with assessments * Diagnosed psychiatric disorder * Conditions impairing communication or ability to complete assessments * Illiteracy