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Diaphragmatic Breathing Training in Chronic Spinal Pain
Sponsor: Democritus University of Thrace
Summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether adding breathing training to an exercise program can improve pain, mood, and thinking skills in adults with chronic spinal pain. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does adding breathing training lower pain and its impact on daily life? * Does it improve symptoms of anxiety and depression? * Does it improve thinking skills, such as attention and mental flexibility? Researchers will compare three groups to see if adding breathing training provides additional benefits: * a group that performs exercise only * a group that performs exercise combined with breathing training * a group that receives general advice only Participants will: * take part in a 12-week program * attend one supervised session each week * complete two home-based (unsupervised) exercise sessions each week (about 30 minutes each) Participants in the combined group will also: * learn breathing techniques during supervised sessions using biofeedback (a method that provides real-time feedback on breathing patterns) * practice breathing exercises at home four times per week (about 10 minutes each) without biofeedback support
Official title: The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing Training on Pain, Emotional Status, and Cognitive Flexibility in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Pain
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
18 Years - 72 Years
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
183
Start Date
2024-10-25
Completion Date
2025-11-30
Last Updated
2026-04-20
Healthy Volunteers
No
Interventions
Structured Exercise program
A structured exercise program targeting spinal mobility, muscular strengthening, postural control, flexibility, and neuromuscular coordination. Exercises were performed in seated and standing positions and included multi-planar functional movements, stretching, and mobilization of joints and neural tissue. The program was delivered over 12 weeks with one supervised session per week and additional unsupervised home-based sessions.
Diaphragmatic Breathing Training
A biofeedback-assisted breathing intervention involving slow, controlled diaphragmatic breathing with emphasis on nasal inhalation and prolonged exhalation. Breathing was guided by visual pacing to regulate rhythm and promote a target breathing rate. Training was delivered during supervised sessions and practiced independently at home throughout the intervention period.
Locations (2)
Private Practice
Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science
Komotini, Thrace, Greece