Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria (Athletes): * Male or female athletes aged 20-40 (early and mid-adults) and 60-69 (older adults) * Natural-born Filipinos with maternal and paternal Filipino heritage * Current and former national and professional athletes, actively participating in endurance or strength sports events or recreational sports events * Current off-season athletes undergoing training or former professional athletes who played \<3 years ago * With ≥3 years of formal, structured athletic training * Apparently healthy (no cardiovascular conditions, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, neurological conditions and metabolic disorders) * Ambulatory and can perform physical activity exercises such as treadmill walking/running and stationary bike * Cleared by a physician to participate in exercise testing; for older adults, clearance must be based on electrocardiogram (ECG) results. Inclusion Criteria (Non-Athletes): * Age (+3 years) and sex-matched community-dwelling participants * Natural-born Filipinos with maternal and paternal Filipino heritage * Not involved in structured or competitive exercise training * Apparently healthy (no cardiovascular conditions, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, neurological conditions and metabolic disorders) * Ambulatory and can perform physical activity exercises such as treadmill walking/running and stationary bike * Cleared by a physician to participate in exercise testing; for older adults, clearance must be based on electrocardiogram (ECG) results. Exclusion Criteria (Athletes and Non-Athletes): * Unable to comprehend and answer the questions * Presence of metal implants and/or pacemaker * Has limited mobility and a history of orthopedic surgery (that may limit their mobility) * With medically diagnosed severe diseases that could affect body composition or metabolism (i.e., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, renal diseases, thyroid disorders) * Experienced minor or major injury in the past 3 months that will inhibit the performance * Taking prohibited sports substances banned by the World Anti-Doping Program that may influence the performance of exercise * Taking medications that can affect metabolism (e.g., mood stabilizers, GLP-1 receptor agonists etc.) * Current smoker or Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS; vape, e-cigarette) smoker