A. Healthy Participants
Inclusion Criteria:
* Individuals aged ≥20 years, regardless of sex or ethnicity, and assessed by the investigator to be in good health and suitable for participation.
* No diagnosed skin diseases or chronic systemic diseases.
* No use of medications or receipt of dermatological treatments that may affect sebum secretion or the skin microbiome within the past two weeks.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Known allergy to Sebutape or similar adhesive tapes, or a history of related adverse reactions.
* Presence of acute or chronic skin diseases, or chronic systemic diseases.
* Use of medications or receipt of dermatological treatments that may affect sebum secretion or the skin microbiome within the past two weeks.
* Use of lotions, sunscreen, or other skincare products that may affect skin condition within 12 hours prior to sampling.
* Any other conditions deemed unsuitable for participation by the principal investigator.
B. Participants with Skin Diseases or Specific Skin Conditions
Inclusion Criteria:
* Individuals aged ≥20 years, regardless of sex or ethnicity, and assessed by the investigator to be suitable for participation.
* Diagnosed by a physician or clinically assessed as having one of the following:
* Acne
* Atopic dermatitis
* Seborrheic dermatitis
* Psoriasis
* Other common skin diseases
* Specific skin conditions (e.g., postmenopausal or aging-related skin changes)
Exclusion Criteria:
* Known allergy to Sebutape or similar adhesive tapes, or a history of related adverse reactions.
* Severe disease that may compromise skin integrity or pose a risk to participant safety.
* Use of lotions, sunscreen, or other skincare products that may affect skin condition within 12 hours prior to sampling.
* Any other conditions deemed unsuitable for participation by the principal investigator.
C. Participants Receiving Dermatological Treatments or Using Skincare Products
Inclusion Criteria:
* Individuals aged ≥20 years, regardless of sex or ethnicity, and assessed by the investigator to be suitable for participation.
* Participants who, based on clinical needs or daily routines, are currently using or are expected to use or receive any of the following:
* Physician-prescribed topical dermatological medications
* Physician-prescribed systemic therapies (oral or injectable)
* Routine use of general skincare products
* Physician-directed non-invasive dermatological treatments
Exclusion Criteria:
* Known allergy to Sebutape or similar adhesive tapes, or a history of related adverse reactions.
* Severe disease that may compromise skin integrity or pose a risk to participant safety.
* Use of lotions, sunscreen, or other skincare products that may affect skin condition within 12 hours prior to sampling.
* Any other conditions deemed unsuitable for participation by the principal investigator.
D. Healthy Participants Undergoing Short-term Antibiotic Intervention
Inclusion Criteria:
* Individuals aged ≥20 years, regardless of sex or ethnicity.
* Assessed by the investigator to be healthy, with skin condition suitable for the intervention used in this study.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Known allergy to Sebutape or similar adhesive tapes, or a history of related adverse reactions.
* Known allergy or adverse reactions to the study intervention drug (topical antibiotic ointment containing bacitracin, polymyxin B, and neomycin).
* Presence of visible skin disease, wounds, infection, inflammation, or other abnormal skin conditions at the sampling site.
* Use of lotions, sunscreen, or other skincare products that may affect skin condition within 12 hours prior to sampling.
* Any other conditions deemed unsuitable for participation by the principal investigator.
