Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants have been postmenopausal for more than 12 months and have not received any exogenous estrogen supplementation after menopause. * Participants were screened using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-S), with a physical activity level classified as "low." They must not have engaged in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 3 days per week, with a duration of no less than 30 minutes per day, for over 3 consecutive months. * Participants were screened using the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire+ (PAR-Q+) and be deemed safe to undergo further intervention. Exclusion Criteria: * Participants with acute or chronic musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or similar conditions. * Participants with abnormal blood pressure: resting systolic blood pressure \>140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \>90 mmHg, or those taking antihypertensive medications. * Participants with abnormally high arterial stiffness (within pathological range): brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) \>1800 cm/s. * Participants recently taken medications that may affect blood indicators, such as hormones or anti-inflammatory drugs. * Participants with unstable body weight in the past 3 months (fluctuation greater than ±2.5 kg). * Participants currently participating in other intervention studies or those with regular exercise habits in daily life. * Participants who smoke or consume alcohol regularly.