Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Individuals who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, * Smokers (gingivitis and stage 3/4 generalized periodontitis) and non-smokers (gingivitis and stage 3/4 generalized periodontitis) who applied to the Periodontology Clinical of Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry, * Individuals without any systemic diseases and without using any medications that affect periodontal health were included. Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals who refuse to participate in the study or who cannot comply with the study protocol, * Individuals participating in another clinical trial concurrently, Individuals who have received periodontal treatment within the last 6 months, * Individuals who have used medications (antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, etc.) that may affect periodontal parameters within the last 3 months, * Individuals with systemic diseases that may affect the periodontium, * Individuals with systemic diseases presenting with oral symptoms, * Individuals with malignant disease, * Pregnant or lactating women, * Individuals with psychological or physical disabilities, * Individuals with substance abuse, * Individuals with severe malocclusion, undergoing orthodontic treatment, using appliances, or using removable dentures, * Individuals with acute dental infection or pain (cavities, abscesses, etc.).