Clinical Research Directory

1. Inclusion Criteria: 1. Group A1: * Age ≥ 18 years; * Patients with β cell dysfunction monogenic diabetes confirmed by DNA sequencing or other diagnostic testing. 2. Group A2: * Age ≥ 18 years; * Patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes mellitus; * Derived from this center's existing continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) database. 3. Group B1: * Age ≥ 18 years; * Normal fasting plasma glucose (≥ 3.6 and \< 6.1 mmol/L) and normal 2-hour plasma glucose during OGTT (≥ 3 and \< 7.8 mmol/L); * Fasting insulin ≥ 25 µU/mL and/or 2-hour insulin during OGTT greater than 10 times the fasting insulin level. 4. Group B2: * Age ≥ 18 years; * Normal glucose tolerance meeting the 2024 ADA criteria: fasting plasma glucose \< 5.6 mmol/L, 2-hour plasma glucose during OGTT \< 7.8 mmol/L; * According to laboratory reference standards, fasting insulin ≥ 2.6 and \< 25 µU/mL, and 2-hour insulin during OGTT 5-10 times the fasting insulin level. * Derived from this center's existing continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) database. 2. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Neonates younger than 4 months of age (congenital diabetes); 2. Pregnancy; 3. Patients with positive pancreatic autoantibody test results; 4. Patients with severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, hepatic disease, or renal disease; 5. Patients who have participated in other clinical trials.