Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 65 years or older * Able to walk independently for at least 10 meters without assistive devices * Able to understand study procedures and provide informed consent * Having sufficient cognitive and physical capacity to comply with the assessment protocol Exclusion Criteria: * Diagnosed neurological disorders affecting gait and motor control (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis) * Diagnosed dementia or Alzheimer's disease, or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score below 24 * Severe visual or hearing impairment that cannot be corrected and may affect reaction time testing * History of major lower extremity or spinal surgery within the last 6 months Severe musculoskeletal conditions affecting gait (e.g., advanced osteoarthritis, severe pain, active inflammation, open wounds, or recent fractures in the lower extremity) * Presence of severe balance disorders (e.g., vertigo)