Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy individuals without current or recent history (within 6 months) of low back pain * 18-70 years of age * BMI between 18.5-29.9 * Ability to read and understand English * For those with chronic low back pain: 1) low back pain more than 3 months and 2) a minimal pain level of 3 on the 0-10 pain numerical rating scale (NRS) in the last 7 days Exclusion Criteria: * Any signs or symptoms of lumbar pathology (as reported by the participant during interview such as low back pain, or lower limb neurological signs) * History of any spinal surgery * Lumbar/sacral conditions reported by the subject such as spondylolithesis, spina bifida or spinal fracture * Bony pathology such as osteoporosis or rheumatoid arthritis as reported by the participant * Pregnancy * Spine cancer * BMI \>30 * Unable to lay on stomach * Resting blood pressure more than 160/90 mmHg * Currently taking blood thinning medications * Uncontrolled diabetes * A medical exclusion from having blood pressure taken such as a peripheral neuropathy * Low signal to noise ratio fNIRS signal during calibration/setup