Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years or older. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Presence of early proliferative diabetic retinopathy with active neovascularization, or mild vitreous hemorrhage or preretinal hemorrhage that does not interfere with evaluation of neovascularization. Relatively clear optical media, good pupillary dilation, and sufficient cooperation for panretinal photocoagulation and retinal imaging. Ability and willingness to provide written informed consent. If both eyes are eligible, the eye with worse vision will be included. Exclusion Criteria: * Prior panretinal photocoagulation, macular photocoagulation, or vitrectomy in the study eye. Retinal traction or retinal detachment. Optic neuropathy. Macular edema caused by reasons other than diabetes. Coexisting ocular disease that may decrease visual acuity during the study. Substantial cataract likely to decrease visual acuity by more than three lines. Major ocular surgery within the past 4 months or planned intraocular surgery within the next 6 months. YAG capsulotomy within the past 2 months. Any intravitreal injection within the past 3 months. Aphakia. Severe external ocular infection. Uncontrolled glaucoma. Significant renal disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. Unstable glycemic control. Blood pressure greater than 180/110 mmHg. History of transient ischemic attack, stroke, myocardial infarction, acute congestive heart failure, or other acute cardiac event requiring hospitalization within the past 4 months. Pregnant, lactating, or intending to become pregnant during the study period. Participation in another clinical trial. Unwilling or unable to provide informed consent, undergo randomization, or return for scheduled visits.