Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * to be women aged 18-35 years with a confirmed diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea for at least one year * regular menstrual cycles (28 ± 7 days) * a VAS score ≥4 in the previous cycle Exclusion Criteria: * secondary dysmenorrhea * currently pregnant, postpartum, or breastfeeding * used oral contraceptives or intrauterine devices in the last 3 months, * received acupuncture in the past 6 months, had open wounds at acupuncture points * presented with severe psychiatric disorder or cognitive impairment