Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: The selection criteria were done according to Gingival pigmentation index is as follows (Dummett and Bolden)10: 1. Score0:absence of pigmentation 2. Score1:spotsofbrowntoblackcolororpigments 3. Score2:browntoblackpatchesbutnotdiffusepigmentation 4. Score3:diffuse brown to black pigmentation,marginal,and attached. Patients who have Dummett and Bolden index score 1, 2, or 3 will be included in addition to the following criteria: 1. above 18yrs 2. systemically free 3. physiologic gingival hyperpigmentation related to esthetic region 4. well maintained oral hygiene and willing to undergo minor surgical procedures Exclusion Criteria: 1. systemic diseases associated with pathological hyperpigmentation or improper delayed wound healing (uncontrolled diabetes, autoimmune diseases, etc.) 2. pregnant and lactating mothers 3. usage of chlorhexidine or povidone iodine 4. Local causes (smoking) 5. periodontal diseases (plaque and non-plaque induced gingivitis or periodontitis) 6. non compliant patients