Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years; * ICU stay ≥48 hours; * At least one clinical microbiological specimen collected and submitted for testing within 48 hours of ICU admission, with the first submission time designated as the index time; * Core predictive variables of the model extractable from electronic medical records or laboratory information systems. Exclusion Criteria: * For patients with multiple ICU admissions, only the first ICU stay was retained; * Missing or indeterminate primary outcome; * Missing key predictive variables that could not be handled according to prespecified rules.