Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * age 12-17 years * Phase 1: no clinical diagnosis required. * Phase 2: presence of at least "mild" depression symptoms as measured by a score of at least 12 on the parent-report Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) (completed in the screening form). * Phase 2, Summer 2025 East African cohort: The adolescent identifies as East African. * Phase 2, Summer 2025 Native American cohort: The adolescent identifies as Native American. Exclusion Criteria: * any MRI contraindications (e.g., claustrophobia, braces, pregnancy); Note: MRI exclusion is removed for Summer 2023 and 2025 cohorts since the neuroimaging has been removed from the protocol for those cohorts * neurodevelopmental disorder such as intellectual disability or moderate / severe autism, as indicated by parent report; * significant medical conditions that would interfere with participating in study activities; * currently active suicidal ideation, and unable to agree to an appropriate safety plan * history of significant neurological conditions that might confound MRI analyses (e.g., current and severe epilepsy, brain tumor). Note: this exclusion is removed for Summer 2023 and 2025 cohorts since they will not have MRI.