Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients will be illegible for root amputation if they one or more of the following criteria: * Severe vertical bone loss affecting only Mesio-buccal root of Maxillary molar. * Through-and-through furcation involvement * Vertical root fracture confined to a Mesio-buccal root of Maxillary molar. * Extensive root caries affecting Mesio-buccal root of Maxillary molar. * Endodontic failure or non- treatable perforation in Mesio-buccal root of Maxillary molar * Extensive internal or external non- treatable root resorption related to Mesio-buccal root of Maxillary molar. * Patients who do not meet the above criteria and present with Maxillary molars in more severely compromised conditions will be directed for extraction followed by dental implant placement. Exclusion Criteria: * \- Uncontrolled systemic disease, immunosuppression, recent bisphosphonate use, head and neck radiotherapy. * Patient non-compliance or poor oral hygiene. * Heavy smoking or inability to commit to maintenance. * Root anatomy or interradicular bone that precludes predictable root amputation; insufficient bone for implant placement that cannot be reasonably augmented.