Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Previously enrolled in one of the source cohort studies approved by the institutional review board of National Taiwan University Hospital. * Adult participants belonging to one of the following groups: 1. Autism spectrum disorder group: participants with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. 2. Schizophrenia group: participants with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia according to DSM-5 criteria. 3. Healthy control group: participants without a history of autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, or other major psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders according to available source cohort records. * Availability of resting-state functional MRI data acquired under the study MRI protocol. * For participants in the autism spectrum disorder group, availability of autistic trait or social functioning measures, such as the Social Responsiveness Scale, when used in symptom-association analyses. * For participants in the schizophrenia group, availability of psychiatric symptom measures, such as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, when used in symptom-association analyses. Exclusion Criteria: * Missing or incomplete MRI data. * Poor-quality MRI data due to severe artifacts, failed preprocessing, failed registration, or incomplete brain coverage. * Excessive head motion during resting-state fMRI that prevents reliable analysis. * Missing essential demographic or diagnostic information. * Missing required clinical or behavioral measures for specific association analyses. * Healthy controls with documented major psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders, if identified in source cohort records.