Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult patients aged ≥18 years; * Deemed eligible for elective hepatobiliary surgery; * Demonstrated comprehension of the study nature and expressed willingness to comply with trial procedures; * Capable of providing written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * History of β-lactam allergy or hypersensitivity * Uncontrolled preoperative infection; * Current or recent (within the preceding month) systemic corticosteroid administration; * Severe hepatic or renal impairment; * Pregnancy or lactation; * Concurrent enrolment in another clinical trial; * Any other condition deemed by the investigator to render the patient unsuitable for study participation.