Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years. * Mechanically ventilated patients with severe pneumonia. * Expected ICU stay ≥ 72 hours. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients who died before 72 hours of ICU admission. * Chronic liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis. * End-stage renal disease (CKD stage 5 or dialysis dependent). * Neuromuscular diseases or pre-existing severe muscle wasting. * Pregnancy. * Patients with pre-existing malnutrition (e.g., BMI \<18.5 kg/m² ). * Contraindications to enteral feeding, such as: 1. Mechanical bowel obstruction. 2. Severe gastrointestinal bleeding. 3. High-output fistulas involving the gastrointestinal tract. 4. Recent gastrointestinal surgery preventing enteral access.