Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 60 years * Patients scheduled for major non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia due to urologic cancer (e.g., radical prostatectomy, radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy) * Patients who undergo preoperative standard 12-lead electrocardiography * Patients classified as having intermediate or higher surgical risk * Patients who can be followed for at least 30 days postoperatively * Patients who voluntarily provide written informed consent to participate in this study Exclusion Criteria: * History of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 6 months prior to surgery * Inability to obtain essential clinical information required for study participation and follow-up * Patients who are not hospitalized after surgery * Individuals deemed inappropriate for participation in the study by the investigator due to legal or psychiatric reasons