Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Postmenopausal female * Aged 65-74 years * Habitual breakfast consumer (consumes breakfast between 7am to 10am) * Willingness to consume meals and follow intervention protocol * English speaking Exclusion Criteria: * BMI ≥ 27.5 * Diagnosed with medical condition that may influence appetite or microbiome (e.g. diabetes, thyroid disorders, gastrointestinal diseases) * Currently taking any medications or supplements that may influence appetite or the microbiome (e.g. probiotics, antibiotics, appetite stimulants/suppressants) one month prior to their first visit in consultation with study physician, PI and study team * Following a special diet for weight management (e.g. low-calorie, low carbohydrate) * History of bariatrics surgery * Intentional attempt to change body weight or composition * History of severe vasovagal syncope (blackouts or near faints) following blood draw * Drug abuse within last 5 years * Excessive alcoholic beverage consumption \> 2 servings per day (1 serving defined as 360 mL beer, 150 mL wine or 45 mL distilled spirits) * Smoking (cigarette, e-cigarette, cigar, pipe, vape) * Engaging in habitual vigorous physical activity (as defined by physical activity questionnaire-PAQ) * Loose teeth or jaw pain * Not missing \> 2 non-wisdom molars * Involvement in other clinical studies that may influence the outcome of the study * A study team member or their immediate family member