Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * 1\. Aged 18 years or older. 2. Individuals with normal findings or inflammatory changes: endoscopic or pathological reports indicating "no significant abnormalities detected" or changes consistent with inflammation. 3\. Individuals with benign lesions: pathological reports specifying "absence of tumor cells" or a diagnosis consistent with benign lesions. 4\. Individuals with precancerous lesions: pathological reports with a definitive diagnosis of Low-grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia (LGIN) or High-grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGIN). 5\. Individuals with malignant tumors: pathological reports confirming a diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or esophageal adenocarcinoma. Exclusion Criteria: * 1\. Diagnostically uncertain: Lack of definitive pathological evidence, or with doubtful clinical diagnosis. 2\. Poor data quality: Low-quality key imaging data (endoscopy, CT) that is unsuitable for analysis (e.g., severe artifacts, missing images). 3\. Severe missingness of key clinical or follow-up data (missing rate \> 20%). 4. Confounding by other malignancies: Presence of other active malignant tumors other than esophageal cancer within 5 years prior to enrollment. 5\. Loss to follow-up: Failure to obtain key survival or recurrence follow-up information in the retrospective cohort.