Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of focal or generalized epilepsy as defined by the International League Against Epilepsy. * Women of childbearing age, aged ≥18 years, planning pregnancy or in early pregnancy (≤16 weeks gestation, confirmed by last menstrual period or ultrasound) - single pregnancy. * Willing and able to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Pre-existing conditions affecting bone metabolism: primary hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease, multiple myeloma, chronic kidney disease (eGFR \<60 mL/min), cirrhosis (Child-Pugh B/C), or untreated hyper/hypothyroidism. * History of metabolic complications: hypercalcemia (serum Ca²⁺ \>10.5 mg/dL), nephrolithiasis, or granulomatous diseases. * Recent/current use of bone-modifying drugs: bisphosphonates, glucocorticoids (≥5 mg/day prednisone equivalent for \>1 month), or loop diuretics within the past year. * Ultrasound shows fetal malformation. * Presence of other severe systemic diseases deemed unsuitable for study participation by the investigator.