Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. age 60 years or older; 2. self-determined to be able to exercise safely; 3. voluntarily completing all study activities; 4. voluntarily signing the informed consent; 5. willing to be randomized to either MR-MCT intervention group or the active comparison group; and 6. meeting one of the following criteria: 1. having subjective cognitive decline (self-report) or MCI: indicated by a Mini-Cog TM score of \<4 to increase sensitivity of MCI; 2. exhibiting pre-physical frailty or physical frailty, as indicated by a score of 1-2 (pre-frailty) or 3-5 (frailty) on the 5-item FRAIL scale. 3. low physical activity, defined as less than 600 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)-min/week and fewer than two 10-min sessions of strengthening exercises per week in the past three months on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire -Short Form (IPAQ-SF) with Muscle Strength. Exclusion Criteria: 1. recent history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or physical limitations as identified on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ); 2. Severe obesity: Body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher; or 3. concurrent participation in another intervention study.