Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: Patients with a diagnosis of heart failure confirmed by a specialist physician. Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%. Age ≥20 years. Clear consciousness and no cognitive impairment. Ability to communicate in Mandarin, Taiwanese, or Hakka. Ability to complete the questionnaire independently or with assistance from the researcher. Exclusion Criteria: Patients who are unable to be discharged during the current hospitalization. Severe consciousness impairment, cognitive impairment, or severe mental illness affecting study participation. Patients who are illiterate or unable to express themselves verbally. Patients who are bedridden long-term or unable to perform self-care activities. Patients who refuse to participate in the study. Patients who are already enrolled in a case management program.