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Hydroponic vs Conventional Spinach Smoothies: Effects on Salivary Nitrate Bioavailability and Blood Pressure
Sponsor: University of Plymouth
Summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether hydroponic spinach (HS) versus conventional spinach (CS) smoothies produce differential post-consumption effects on salivary nitrate availability and blood pressure in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: Do hydroponic spinach (HS) and conventional spinach (CS) smoothies produce differential post-consumption salivary nitrate availability responses in adults when consumed in equal volumes? Do hydroponic spinach (HS) and conventional spinach (CS) smoothies produce differential post-consumption blood pressure responses in adults when consumed in equal volumes? Participants will: Consume hydroponic spinach (HS) and conventional spinach (CS) smoothies on two separate study days. Attend two laboratory visits at the university, scheduled within a 1-2 week period. Undergo check-ups and study measurements during each visit (e.g., blood pressure and saliva sampling).
Official title: Acute Effects of Hydroponically vs. Conventionally Grown Spinach Smoothies on Salivary Nitrate Bioavailability and Blood Pressure: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
18 Years - 60 Years
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
12
Start Date
2026-05-22
Completion Date
2026-07-31
Last Updated
2026-06-24
Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Conditions
Interventions
Hydroponic spinach smoothie
Standardized smoothie prepared with hydroponically grown spinach, matched for volume and appearance.
Conventional spinach smoothie
Standardized smoothie prepared with conventionally grown spinach, matched for volume and appearance.
Locations (1)
University of Plymouth
Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom