Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18-65 years 2. Males and females 3. ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) physical status I and II 4. Patients scheduled for elective surgery with controlled ventilation through orotracheal tube conduit Exclusion Criteria: 1. Smokers (those who have smoked ≥100 cigarettes in their lifetime), chewing tobacco dependence or substance abuse 2. Submucous fibrosis: progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissue leading to rigidity, relative trismus, and progressive decrease of mouth opening 3. Anticipated difficult airway 4. Patients requiring intubation with MacIntosh blade #4 or #5 5. Dental issues: * missing tooth (upper/lower incisors, upper/lower premolar) * crowded dentition: - irregular, misaligned, or overlapping teeth within a relatively small oral cavity * presence of artificial teeth and/or dental implants • Mandible/mandibular structure related issues: * Retrognathia: - posterior displacement of the mandible relative to the maxilla or cranial base * Prognathia: - anterior displacement of the mandible relative to the maxilla or cranial base 6. Emergency Surgery 7. Those requiring urgent rapid-sequence intubation due to the presence of a full-stomach status secondary to gastro-esophageal reflux disease, diaphragmatic hernia, among others. 8. Refusal to informed consent