Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients aged 18 years or older undergoing unilateral nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision, or adrenalectomy (tumor size \< 3.5 cm). 2. Patients who are capable of clear verbal communication. 3. Patients who are able to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Individuals with photosensitive constitution or those currently using photosensitizing medications. 2. Individuals with a known history of severe allergy or contact dermatitis to medical adhesive patches or tapes. 3. Patients with severe psychiatric illness or cognitive impairment. 4. Long-term or high-dose opioid users. 5. Patients utilizing a Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) pump. 6. Individuals with severe hepatic insufficiency or active liver disease. 7. Vulnerable populations, individuals with restricted legal capacity, or those who are unable or unwilling to undergo clinical evaluations.