Clinical Research Directory

INCLUSION CRITERIA: * Provide voluntary signed and dated informed consent. * Be in fair health as determined by medical history and routine blood chemistries. * Age between the ages of 40 and 70 (inclusive). * Body weight of at least 110 pounds. * Normotensive (seated, resting systolic blood pressure \<140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure \< 90 mm Hg. If the first measurement is slightly elevated above these limits, the subject will be given a brief (5-minute) rest period, and two more measurements will be taken. The average of all three measurements will be used to determine eligibility. * Normal seated, resting heart rate (\<90 per minute). * Willing to duplicate their previous 24-hour diet, refrain from alcohol for 24 hours, exercise for 24 hours prior to each trial, caffeine for 12 hours prior to each trial, and fast for 10 hours prior to each of the treatments. * Participant agrees to maintain existing dietary and physical activity patterns throughout the study period. * Participant is willing and able to comply with the study protocol. * If a dietary supplement was initiated within the past month, the participant is willing to discontinue supplement use followed by a 2-week washout prior to participation in the study. * Able to provide an adequate blood draw. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: * Use of probiotics, postbiotics or antibiotics within the past month. * A history of unstable or new-onset cardiovascular/cardiorespiratory, liver, or renal disease. * The participant's alcohol consumption is more than two standard alcoholic drinks per day or more than 10 drinks per week or has a history of drug/alcohol abuse or dependence. * History of diabetes (any form) or any endocrine disorder. * Fasting blood sugar of \> 125 mg/dL. * Current smokers who smoke 11 or more cigarettes per day (i.e. light smokers will be enrolled if they meet all other criteria). * History of hyperparathyroidism or an untreated thyroid disease. * History of malignancy in the previous five years except for non-melanoma skin cancer (basal cell cancer or squamous cell cancer of the skin). * Chronic inflammatory condition or disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's Disease, ulcerative colitis, lupus, HIV/AIDS, etc.). * Previous medical diagnosis of gout or fibromyalgia. * Any female who is pregnant, trying to become pregnant, is less than/or equal to 120 days postpartum, or any current women who are nursing. * Women who participate in this study must agree to the use of contraception for the duration of the study, and any sexually active woman will have to take a negative pregnancy test prior to enrolling. Women of childbearing age (any woman prior to menopause), regardless of their use of contraception, will be provided a urine pregnancy test kit at their screening visit and take the test in private using the female lavatory after signing an informed consent. * Known allergy or sensitivity to any ingredient in the test formulations as listed on the product label. * Any other diseases or conditions that, in the opinion of the medical staff, could confound the primary endpoints or place the subject at increased risk of harm if they were to participate.