Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ranges from 16 to 85 years old. 2. Constipation patients should meet the Rome Ⅳ criteria for chronic constipation (must include two or more of the following: ① At least 25% of bowel movements are strenuous; ② At least 25% of bowel movements are lumpy or hard stools; ③ At least 25% of bowel movements are accompanied by a sense of incomplete evacuation; ④ At least 25% of bowel movements are associated with a feeling of anorectal obstruction or blockage; ⑤ At least 25% of bowel movements require manual assistance; ⑥ Fewer than 3 bowel movements per week). The healthy volunteer group has no above - mentioned constipation symptoms. 3. Participants should be able to understand and complete relevant questionnaires. 4. Participants should be willing to follow the research protocol and sign the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Pregnant women and lactating women 2. Suffering from gastrointestinal and other malignant tumors 3. Suffering from diseases such as diabetes and Parkinson's disease 4. Currently participating in other clinical trials