Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * The study sample will consist of high-risk nulliparous women scheduled for elective cesarean section on the same day. Participants will be included if they are 18 years of age or older, diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy conditions (e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, placenta previa, oligohydramnios, etc.), at term pregnancy (37-42 weeks gestation), with a singleton pregnancy, and able to understand and complete the data collection forms. Exclusion Criteria: * Women with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder, any condition that impairs communication (such as hearing, visual, or language impairments), those receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy, those with endocrine disorders that may affect cortisol levels, and those with active oral lesions such as aphthous ulcers or other oral mucosal lesions will be excluded from the study.