Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * • Women aged 18 years or older. * Scheduled for elective cesarean delivery. * Planned spinal anesthesia. * ASA physical status I-II \[revise if another ASA range is approved in the protocol\]. * Ability to complete preoperative and postoperative pure-tone audiometry assessments. * Provision of written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * • Pre-existing hearing loss, use of hearing aids, or inability to complete audiometric testing. * History of chronic otologic disease, ear surgery, or active ear infection. * Contraindication to spinal anesthesia. * Conversion to general anesthesia before completion of the protocol assessments. * Refusal to participate or withdrawal of consent. * \[Add any protocol-specific exclusions approved by the ethics committee, such as chronic headache disorder, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, or major perioperative hemorrhage, only if applicable.