Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Male patients aged 45 years or older. * Moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic obstruction or urinary retention requiring transurethral surgery. * Preoperative findings suggesting median lobe-dominant or median lobe-related obstruction. * Planned selective median lobe-only TURP, HoLEP, or anatomical endoscopic enucleation as part of routine clinical care. * Available baseline International Prostate Symptom Score, uroflowmetry and/or postvoid residual volume, prostate volume, intravesical prostatic protrusion measurement, and cystoscopic assessment. * Ability to provide written informed consent and comply with the follow-up schedule. Exclusion Criteria: * Previous prostate surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia. * Known urethral stricture requiring treatment before or during the index procedure. * Known neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. * Active prostate cancer or bladder cancer requiring treatment that may confound urinary outcomes. * Planned complete TURP, complete HoLEP/AEEP, or lateral lobe-dominant surgery. * Severe kissing lateral lobe obstruction considered to require complete surgery rather than selective median lobe surgery. * Inability to provide valid baseline or follow-up outcome data.