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Effects of Breath-Hold vs Standard Interval Training on Fitness in Mountaineers
Sponsor: Mohammadreza Rezaeipour, MD, PhD
Summary
This study investigated whether adding structured breath-holds to standard interval training improves cardiorespiratory fitness in recreational mountaineers more than interval training alone. Twenty-four male recreational mountaineers participated in an 8-week progressive treadmill interval training program. Participants were divided into two groups: a controlled-breathing group that performed structured mid-tidal breath-holds during training, and a free-breathing group that maintained unrestricted breathing. The primary outcomes measured were resting heart rate and estimated maximal oxygen uptake, along with secondary measures including blood pressure and pulmonary function indices. The study aimed to determine if this mild voluntary hypoventilation technique provides additional physiological benefits for altitude preparation.
Official title: Effects of Mild Voluntary Hypoventilation During Progressive Interval Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Recreational Mountaineers: A Clinical Trial
Key Details
Gender
MALE
Age Range
25 Years - 35 Years
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
24
Start Date
2023-09-30
Completion Date
2023-11-30
Last Updated
2026-07-14
Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Interventions
Voluntary Hypoventilation Training
A breathing maneuver consisting of structured mid-tidal breath-holds synchronized to an electronic metronome to induce mild voluntary hypoventilation (target SpO₂ nadir 92-94%) during physical exertion.
Progressive Treadmill Interval Training
A cardiovascular exercise protocol involving supervised treadmill sessions with progressive increases in intensity (65-85% heart rate reserve) and duration (30-45 minutes) over an 8-week period.
Locations (1)
Sport Sciences Department, University of Sistan and Baluchestan
Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran