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Large Language Model Assistance for Clinical Decision-Making Among Rural Physicians
Sponsor: Peking University Third Hospital
Summary
This study will evaluate whether, relative to conventional information retrieval approaches, direct large language models (LLM) access and LLM use training can improve the overall clinical decision-making ability of rural physicians in low-resource grassroots healthcare settings.
Official title: Effect of Large Language Model Assistance on Clinical Decision-Making Among Rural Physicians: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
18 Years - 65 Years
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
240
Start Date
2026-07
Completion Date
2026-09
Last Updated
2026-07-17
Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Conditions
Interventions
LLM-Use Training
Before completing the clinical cases, participants receive brief structured training on the safe and effective use of LLMs. The training covers the role and limitations of LLMs, structured prompting and follow-up questioning, identification of warning signs and referral indications, medication safety, verification of LLM-generated information, high-risk situations in which LLMs should not be relied upon, and protection of patient privacy.
Conventional Non-LLM Resources
During the initial 60-minute assessment, participants complete primary care clinical cases using conventional non-LLM resources only, including clinical guidelines, textbooks, drug labels, training materials, medical websites, and standard search engines. Participants are not permitted to use LLMs during this phase.
LLM Second-Opinion Review
After completing and submitting their initial responses using conventional non-LLM resources, participants receive an additional 30 minutes to use the study-provided DeepSeek-V4 as a second-opinion tool. They may review, verify, and revise their initial clinical decisions before submitting their final responses.
Direct LLM Assistance
During the initial 60-minute assessment, participants may use the study-provided DeepSeek-V4 to assist with medical information retrieval, diagnostic and management reasoning, identification of warning signs, referral decisions, rational prescribing, patient education, and follow-up planning. Participants remain responsible for their final clinical decisions and responses.
Locations (1)
Xinjiang Second Medical College
Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China