Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Skeletal Class I (ANB angle 0-4°), dental Class II malocclusion treatable with molar distalization * Need for unilateral or bilateral distalization of the first molars in the range of 2-4.5 mm * Chronological age between 13 and 18 years, regardless of skeletal age * Normal or hypodivergent growth pattern (SN-GoGn \< 39°) * Mild to moderate maxillary crowding (less than 6 mm) and minimal or no mandibular crowding (less than 3 mm) * No previously extracted maxillary teeth, excluding third molars * Erupted permanent second molars * Good oral hygiene * Healthy periodontal tissues Exclusion Criteria: * Need for orthodontic tooth extraction or functional appliance therapy * Presence of systemic disease * Congenital or acquired craniofacial deformity involving the condyle or mandible * Poor patient cooperation * History of allergy to any metal * Pre-existing root resorption prior to treatment * Previous orthodontic treatment * Abnormal position, depth of impaction, or close proximity to adjacent anatomical structures (sinus, neurovascular structures) of the maxillary third molar that would make its surgical extraction risky