Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Females aged 20 to 35 years. * History of at least one cesarean section. * Moderate to severe primary or secondary dysmenorrhea following cesarean section. * Regular menstrual cycles (21-35 days). * Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m². * At least 6 months post-cesarean section to allow complete scar healing. * Presence of restricted cesarean scar mobility on clinical examination. * Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy or planned pregnancy during the study period. * Previous abdominal or pelvic surgery other than cesarean section. * Endometriosis, adenomyosis, uterine fibroids requiring treatment, or other diagnosed gynecological disorders associated with pelvic pain. * Active pelvic inflammatory disease or genitourinary infection. * Neurological or musculoskeletal disorders affecting pain perception or mobility. * Systemic inflammatory, autoimmune, or connective tissue diseases. * Current participation in another physical therapy or manual therapy program targeting the abdomen or pelvis. * Use of corticosteroid injections or other invasive treatments to the abdominal or pelvic region within the previous 3 months. * Contraindications to manual therapy.