Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: Adults aged 40-50 years. Both males and females. Clinically diagnosed with essential (primary) hypertension confirmed by a physician. Stage 1-2 hypertension (SBP 130-160 mmHg and/or DBP 80-100 mmHg) based on standardized clinical measurement. Duration of diagnosed hypertension between 6 months and 5 years. Stable on antihypertensive medication for at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment, with no planned medication changes. Medically stable and cleared for participation in moderate-intensity exercise. Able to understand instructions and independently perform smartphone-guided breathing exercises. Willing to participate and provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Secondary hypertension (e.g., renal, endocrine, or medication-induced hypertension). Severe or uncontrolled hypertension (SBP \>180 mmHg and/or DBP \>110 mmHg). History of major cardiovascular events (e.g., myocardial infarction within the past 6 months, unstable angina, uncontrolled arrhythmias, or decompensated heart failure). Chronic respiratory diseases affecting exercise tolerance (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease \[COPD\] or severe asthma). Neurological, musculoskeletal, or orthopedic conditions that limit safe participation in walking or exercise training. Cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorders that affect comprehension or adherence to the study protocol. Participation in a structured exercise or pulmonary rehabilitation program within the previous 3 months. Heavy smoking. Pregnancy or lactation. Contraindications to exercise testing or training according to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines. Anticipated changes in antihypertensive medication during the study period.