Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged ≥ 18 years old. * Clinically diagnosed with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. * Atrial fibrillation documented by surface electrocardiogram (ECG), or ambulatory electrocardiogram (including single-lead ECG recorder). * Poor response or intolerance to at least one Class I or Class III antiarrhythmic drug. * Fully informed of the treatment regimen, voluntarily signed the informed consent form, and agreed to undergo all examinations, procedures and follow-up visits specified in the study protocol. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with a history of atrial fibrillation ablation. * Left atrial thrombus. * Left atrial anteroposterior diameter ≥ 60 mm, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40%. * Patients with active implantable devices in situ (e.g., cardiac pacemaker, ICD, etc.). * Women of childbearing potential who cannot use effective contraception throughout the 12-month study period after enrollment. * Atrial fibrillation caused by hyperthyroidism or other transient factors. * Patients with prior atrial septal repair, atrial septal occlusion, or left atrial myxoma. * Patients with confirmed cerebrovascular diseases within the past 6 months (including cerebral hemorrhage, stroke and transient ischaemic attack). * Patients with cardiovascular events within the past 3 months (including acute myocardial infarction, coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, prosthetic valve replacement or repair, atrial or ventricular incision). * Patients deemed ineligible for this trial by the investigator for any other reason.