Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with imaging findings consistent with stage II KD and corresponding clinical symptoms and signs; 2. All cases involve single-level lesions; 3. Individuals who have shown no improvement or experienced symptom progression after more than 6weeks of conservative treatment; 4. Patients with complete clinical and imaging data before and after surgery; 5. Those who were followed up for at least 3 months postoperatively. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with multilevel lumbar spondylolisthesis; 2. Individuals with a history of previous lumbar spine surgery; 3. Patients with spinal infection; 4. Individuals with uncontrolled hypertension; 5. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus; 6. Those with severe impairment of cardiac, pulmonary, liver, or kidney function; 7. Patients with gonadal diseases, adrenal diseases, parathyroid diseases, thyroid diseases, and pituitary disorders; 8. Individuals with a history of immunodeficiency diseases (such as HIV), cancer or malignant tumors, autoimmune diseases, severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, or other conditions that may significantly reduce life expectancy; 9. Patients who have participated in any drug clinical trial within the last six months before screening; 10. Individuals with a clear history of mental illness or cognitive impairment who are unable to cooperate with follow-up and efficacy assessments; 11. Patients deemed unsuitable for participation in this study by the researchers.