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Correlates of Impostor Phenomenon Among Indonesian Sports Science Students
Sponsor: Hasanuddin University
Summary
This cross-sectional study examined the associations between self-esteem, anxiety, and impostor phenomenon among sports science undergraduates in Indonesia, evaluating the independent contributions of psychological, behavioural, and structural correlates. A total of 438 junior-year undergraduates at a public university in Makassar, Indonesia, completed a cross-sectional survey. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and impostor phenomenon severity was evaluated using the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS). Behavioural factors (nightly sleep duration and daily social media use) and structural factors (sex, grade point average \[GPA\], scholarship status, residential arrangement, and organizational participation) were also captured and analyzed using Spearman correlations, group comparisons, and simultaneous as well as hierarchical multiple linear regressions. Lower self-esteem (ρ = -0.512) and higher anxiety (ρ = 0.487) were the strongest correlates of impostor phenomenon, with the psychological domain explaining 38.0% of the total variance. Female sex, shorter sleep duration, heavier social media use, and lower GPA remained significant independent predictors in the adjusted regression model (overall R² = 48.1%), whereas institutional/structural factors such as scholarship and residential status showed no independent association. NOTE: This study was retrospectively registered. The study was conducted from June 2025 to August 2025 following the STROBE guidelines and received ethical clearance (PROTOKOL-UH25010017) from the Institutional Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Hasanuddin University prior to study initiation. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. No outcome measures, study design, or statistical analysis plan were modified following data collection.
Official title: Psychological, Behavioural, And Structural Correlates Of Impostor Phenomenon Among Sports Science Undergraduates In Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
Any - Any
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
438
Start Date
2025-06-01
Completion Date
2025-08-31
Last Updated
2026-07-24
Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Conditions
Interventions
Self-Report Questionnaire Assessment
Participants completed a structured battery of validated self-report questionnaires on a single occasion in supervised classroom sessions. The Indonesian-adapted Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS; 20 items) was used to evaluate cognitive and affective features of impostorism; the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; 10 items) was used to measure global self-esteem; and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7; 7 items) was used to assess anxiety symptom severity over the preceding two weeks. Additional self-reported survey items captured behavioral characteristics (nightly sleep duration and daily social media usage) alongside demographic and structural information (sex, age, cumulative GPA, scholarship status, residential arrangement, and organizational participation). No therapeutic, pharmacological, behavioral, or educational intervention was administered. Data collection was strictly observational and cross-sectional in nature, with no manipulation of variables, experimental co
Locations (1)
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Tamalanrea Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia