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Effects of CTAR and PNF Exercises on Swallowing in Multiple Sclerosis
Sponsor: Sanko University
Summary
This study compares two exercise programs for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have trouble swallowing. One group did chin exercises against resistance (CTAR), and the other group did neck exercises based on a technique called proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). Both groups also received a sensory technique to help trigger swallowing. The study tested whether these exercises could improve swallowing ability, swallowing speed, and quality of life related to eating and drinking. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two exercise groups and were treated for 8 weeks, three times per week. Swallowing was assessed before and after treatment using validated questionnaires and a water-swallow test.
Official title: Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Chin Tuck Against Resistance Exercises on Swallowing Function in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Dysphagia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
18 Years - 65 Years
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
39
Start Date
2025-11-01
Completion Date
2026-05-01
Last Updated
2026-07-24
Healthy Volunteers
No
Interventions
CTAR exercise
Participants performed isometric chin-tuck exercises against resistance using a ball positioned under the chin. Each session consisted of 2-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions, with each isometric contraction sustained for 5-10 seconds and 30-60 seconds of rest between sets. Sessions were conducted 3 times per week for 8 weeks (24 sessions total), supervised by a physiotherapist certified in swallowing rehabilitation.
PNF exercises
Participants received cervical proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation using a combined isotonic contraction technique with diagonal movement patterns. Each repetition involved movement from an extension-left rotation position to a flexion-right rotation position against manual resistance, followed by a 6-second isometric hold and controlled eccentric return; the pattern was also performed in reverse diagonal direction. A total of 30 repetitions were completed per session without rest between repetitions. Sessions were conducted 3 times per week for 8 weeks (24 sessions total), supervised by a physiotherapist certified in swallowing
Locations (1)
Sanko Unıversıty
Gaziantep, Gaz, Turkey (Türkiye)