Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * IASP diagnosis of peripheral neuropathic pain; * At least one month after the onset of pain; * At least moderate pain intensity (≥ 3 assessed by VAS or NRS); * 18 years or older; * Stable medical treatment from 2 weeks before allocation to the end of the trial; * Willing to receive TIS treatment and capable of fulfilling clinical assessments. Exclusion Criteria: * Contradictions to TIS treatment, such as metal implants or seizure; * Serious psychiatric disorder (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score ≥ 35 or Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score ≥ 29); * Aphasia or cognitive disorders (Mini mental state examination ≤ 24); * Severe clinical disorders caused by tumor or other conditions; * Severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction or extreme weakness; * History of substance abuse (alcohol, drugs).