Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: i. Adults aged 40-75 years with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade II-III). ii. Persistent knee pain (≥4 on a 10-point Visual Analogue Scale \[VAS\]) for at least 3 months. iii. Failure to achieve adequate pain relief with conservative treatments (e.g., NSAIDs, physical therapy). iv. Willingness to provide informed consent and comply with study procedures. Exclusion Criteria: i. Severe OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade IV). ii. History of knee surgery or HA injection within the past 6 months. iii. Inflammatory arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, gout). iv. Contraindications to HA injections (e.g., infection, allergy to HA products). v. Significant comorbidities that may interfere with study participation (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, morbid obesity, severe cardiovascular disease).