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Yoga-Based Breathing Exercises in a Salt-Cave Environment Versus a Standard Clinical Setting in Smokers
Sponsor: Sinop University
Summary
This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether performing the same yoga-based breathing exercise program in a salt-cave environment produced different respiratory, functional, physical activity, and quality-of-life outcomes compared with the same program performed in a standard clinical setting in adult smokers. Sixty adult smokers were randomized to either a salt-cave group or a control group. Both groups received a physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program for 6 weeks, twice weekly, in 50-minute sessions. The intervention content, frequency, duration, and physiotherapist supervision were identical in both groups; the only planned between-group difference was the intervention setting. Spirometric outcomes were assessed at baseline, week 3, and week 6. Functional exercise capacity, physical activity, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and week 6.
Official title: Yoga-Based Breathing Exercises Performed in a Salt-Cave Environment Versus a Standard Clinical Setting in Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
18 Years - 65 Years
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
60
Start Date
2022-12-01
Completion Date
2023-02-28
Last Updated
2026-07-30
Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Conditions
Interventions
Yoga-Based Breathing Exercise Program in a Salt-Cave Environment
Participants received a physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program at the Tuzluca Salt Therapy Center. The intervention lasted 6 weeks and included two sessions per week, for a total of 12 sessions. Each standardized session lasted approximately 50 minutes and included preparatory breathing control, diaphragmatic breathing, Suusi breathing, Kapalabhati, Ujjayi, Anuloma-Viloma/Nadi Shodhana, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Agni Sar, and relaxation. The exercise content, session frequency, duration, and physiotherapist supervision were identical to those provided in the standard clinical setting group; the planned difference was the intervention setting.
Yoga-Based Breathing Exercise Program in a Standard Clinical Setting
Participants received the same physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program in a standard clinical setting at the Iğdır Fizyodinamik Wellness Center. The intervention lasted 6 weeks and included two sessions per week, for a total of 12 sessions. Each standardized session lasted approximately 50 minutes and included preparatory breathing control, diaphragmatic breathing, Suusi breathing, Kapalabhati, Ujjayi, Anuloma-Viloma/Nadi Shodhana, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Agni Sar, and relaxation. The exercise content, session frequency, duration, and physiotherapist supervision were identical to those provided in the salt-cave group.
Locations (1)
Tuzluca Rock Salt Mine Salt Therapy Center
Iğdır, Turkey (Türkiye)