Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Nurses: Registered professional nurses, including those with a diploma, associate's degree, and baccalaureate degrees, who are in charge of the plan of care for the ED patient. * Nurses who have been working in that particular ED environment for at least 6 months. * Nurses involved in providing direct patient care (not managers). * Nurses who are employed by the institution of the research study, not agency staff. * Family Members: a family member who expressed a sense of belonging to a patient admitted to the ED, or a person that a communicating patient had defined as family or being significant to the patient. * Family members who are present with a patient who is being seen in the ED for acute or chronic illness (1 family member to participate per patient). * Age 18 years or older * Able to speak and read in English (for the United States sample) Exclusion Criteria: * Nurses not caring for patients in the ED * Family members who are not present in the ED with the patient.