Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 years or older at the cohort entry date. * At least two VCTE examinations during the data period, with the interval between the first and second VCTE between 1 year and 5 years (both inclusive). * Diagnosis of MASLD, defined as the coexistence of hepatic steatosis confirmed by histology, imaging, or VCTE-Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) more than or equal to (≥) 248 decibels per meter (dB/m), and at least one cardiometabolic criterion, in accordance with the Multi-society MASLD nomenclature consensus. Exclusion Criteria: * Prior history of hepatocellular carcinoma at any time before index date. * Prior history of decompensated cirrhosis (any of: bleeding oesophageal varices, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome) at any time before index date. * Prior history of liver resection or transplantation at any time before index date. * Prior diagnosis of any extrahepatic malignancy at any time before index date. * Occurrence of any MALO component (HCC, complication of liver cirrhosis, liver transplantation, or death) within 6 months after the index date. * Antiviral treatment for hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus initiated more than 3 months before the index date and ongoing through the index date. * Total post-index follow-up duration of less than 6 months. * Insufficient medical record data preventing operationalisation of key study variables.